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Ikhithi Yegaraji, i-anime, isibalo, Isithombe Esiphrintiwe se-3D Isithombe Esifakiwe
  • Ikhithi Yegaraji, i-anime, isibalo, Umfanekiso Ophrintiwe we-3D
  • Ikhithi Yegaraji, i-anime, isibalo, Umfanekiso Ophrintiwe we-3D

Ikhithi Yegaraji, i-anime, isibalo, Umfanekiso Ophrintiwe we-3D

Incazelo elula:

Inqubo yokubumba umjovo iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula ehlanganisa izici eziningi, njengokuklama isikhunta, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta, izici zempahla eluhlaza nezindlela zokwelashwa zangaphambili, inqubo yokubumba, ukusebenza komshini wokubumba umjovo, futhi ihlobene eduze nokucubungula izimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokupholisa umkhiqizo kanye inqubo emva kokwelashwa.


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Inqubo yokubumba umjovo iyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokucubungula ehlanganisa izici eziningi, njengokuklama isikhunta, ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta, izici zempahla eluhlaza nezindlela zokwelashwa zangaphambili, inqubo yokubumba, ukusebenza komshini wokubumba umjovo, futhi ihlobene eduze nokucubungula izimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokupholisa umkhiqizo kanye inqubo emva kokwelashwa.

Namuhla, ake sikhulume ngezakhiwo nezici zenqubo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezijwayelekile zokubumba umjovo:

I-ABS (i-super non breaking glue)

Ukusebenza kwe-ABS:

I-ABS ihlanganiswa ne-butadiene, i-acrylonitrile ne-styrene.I-monomer ngayinye inezici ezihlukene: i-butadiene inokuqina kanye nokumelana nomthelela;Ukuzinza okuphezulu kokushisa namakhemikhali kwe-acrylonitrile;I-styrene inokucubungula okulula, ukuphela okuphezulu namandla aphezulu.Ngokuya nge-morphology, i-ABS iyimpahla e-amorphous enamandla amakhulu emishini kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle eziphelele "zokuqina, ukuqina nensimbi".Kuyinto polymer amorphous.I-ABS iyipulasitiki yobunjiniyela yenhloso ejwayelekile enezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezicelo ezibanzi.Ibizwa nangokuthi "ipulasitiki yenjongo evamile" (i-MBS ibizwa ngokuthi i-ABS esobala).I-ABS kulula ukumunca umswakama, ene-gravity ethize engu-1.05g/cm3 (isinda kancane kunamanzi), i-shrinkage ephansi (0.60%), usayizi ozinzile futhi kulula ukuyakheka nokucutshungulwa.Izici ze-ABS zincike kakhulu kwisilinganiso sama-monomer amathathu kanye nesakhiwo samangqamuzana ezigabeni ezimbili.Lokhu kungaba nokuguquguquka okukhulu ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize amakhulu ezinto ze-ABS zekhwalithi ehlukile emakethe.Lezi zinto ezihlukene zekhwalithi zinikeza izici ezihlukene, ezifana nokumelana nomthelela ophakathi kuya phezulu, ukuphela okuphansi kuya kokuphezulu kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.Izinto ze-ABS zisebenza kahle kakhulu, izici zokubukeka, ukukhasa okuphansi, ukuqina okuhle kakhulu kobukhulu namandla omthelela aphezulu.I-ABS iyimbudumbudu ephuzi ngokukhanyayo noma inhlaka yobuhlalu e-opaque, engenabuthi, enganambitheki futhi emunca amanzi aphansi.Inezici ezinhle eziphelele zomzimba nemishini, njengezakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukuzinza kwe-dimensional, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nokucwebezela kwendawo, futhi kulula ukuyicubungula nokuma.Ububi ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okungekuhle kanye nokuvutha.

Izici zenqubo ye-ABS:

a: I-ABS inokumunca umswakama ophezulu kanye nokuzwela komswakama.Ngaphambi kokubunjwa, kufanele yomiswe ngokuphelele futhi ishiswe kuqala (okungenani amahora ama-2 ku-80 ~ 90C) ukulawula okuqukethwe komswakama okungaphansi kuka-0.03%.

b: I-viscosity encibilikayo ye-ABS resin ayizweli kangako izinga lokushisa (ihlukile kwamanye ama-amorphous resins).Nakuba izinga lokushisa lomjovo le-ABS liphakeme kancane kunele-PS, alikwazi ukuba nebanga lokushisa elixegayo njenge-PS.indlela yokushisa eyimpumputhe ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa i-viscosity yayo.I-fluidity ingathuthukiswa ngokwandisa isivinini se-screw noma ingcindezi yomjovo.Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokucubungula kufanele libe ngu-190-235 ℃

c: I-viscosity encibilikayo ye-ABS iphakathi, iphakeme kunaleyo ye-PS, okhalo futhi njengoba, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ubhiya onomfutho ophezulu womjovo (500 ~ 1000bar)

d: Izinto ze-ABS zamukela isivinini sokujova esiphakathi nesiphezulu, futhi umphumela kabhiya ungcono.(ngaphandle uma ukwakheka kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi izingxenye ezinezindonga ezincane zidinga isivinini sokujova), imigqa yegesi kulula ukwenzeka emlonyeni womkhiqizo.

e: Izinga lokushisa lokubumba i-ABS liphakeme kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lesikhunta ngokuvamile lilungiswa ku-25-70 ℃.Lapho ukhiqiza imikhiqizo emikhulu, izinga lokushisa lesikhunta esingaguquki (isikhunta sangaphambili) ngokuvamile liphakeme ngo-5 ℃ kunaleso lesikhunta esinyakazayo (isikhunta sangemuva).(ukushisa kwesikhunta kuzothinta ukuphela kwezingxenye zepulasitiki, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lizoholela ekuqedeni okuphansi)

f: I-ABS akufanele ihlale emgqonyeni wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu isikhathi eside (ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30), ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukubola nokuphenduka kube phuzi.

I-PS (i-polystyrene)

1. Ukusebenza kwe-PS:

I-PS iyi-polymer e-amorphous ene-fluidity enhle kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi (ngaphansi kuka-00.2%), okuyipulasitiki esobala okulula ukuyakheka nokuyicubungula.Imikhiqizo yayo inokudlulisa ukukhanya okungu-88-92%, amandla ombala aqinile nobulukhuni obuphezulu.Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo ye-PS i-brittle, ijwayele ukuqhekeka kwengcindezi yangaphakathi, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi (60-80 ℃), ayinabo ubuthi, futhi amandla adonsela phansi athile acishe abe ngu-1.04g \ cm3 (makhudlwana kancane kunamanzi).Ukuncipha kokubumba (inani layo ngokuvamile lingu-0.004-0.007in/in), i-PS esobala - igama libonisa kuphela ukukhanya kwe-resin, hhayi ukucwebezela.(izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba: ama-PS amaningi okuhweba ayizinto ezibonakalayo kanye ne-amorphous. I-PS inokusimama okuhle kakhulu kwejiyomethri, ukuzinza kwe-thermal, izici zokudlulisa amehlo, izici zokuvala ugesi kanye nokuthambekela okuncane kokumunca umswakama. Ingamelana namanzi nama-asidi angaphili ahlanjululwe, kodwa angakwazi kugqwaliswe ama-asidi e-oxidizing aqinile njenge-concentrated sulfuric acid, futhi anganwebeka futhi akhubazeke kwezinye izinyibilikisi zemvelo.)

2. Izici zenqubo ye-PS:

Indawo encibilikayo ye-PS ingu-166 ℃, izinga lokushisa lokucubungula ngokuvamile liyi-185-215 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo lingu-180 ~ 280 ℃.Okwezinto ezivimbela ilangabi, umkhawulo ongaphezulu ngu-250 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa lokubola licishe libe ngu-290 ℃, ngakho-ke uhla lwalo lokushisa lokucubungula lubanzi.Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta lingu-40 ~ 50 ℃, futhi ingcindezi yomjovo ingu-200 ~ 600bar.Kunconywa ukusebenzisa isivinini somjovo osheshayo ngesivinini somjovo.Zonke izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamasango zingasetshenziselwa umgijimi kanye nesango.Izinto ze-PS ngokuvamile azidingi ukwelashwa okomisa ngaphambi kokuba zicutshungulwe ngaphandle kokuthi zigcinwe ngendlela engafanele.Uma ukomiswa kuyadingeka, isimo sokumisa esinconywayo ngu-80C amahora angu-2 ~ 3.Ngenxa yokushisa okuthile okuphansi kwe-PS, ingajiya futhi iqine ngokushesha lapho yenza ezinye izibungu.Ijubane layo lokupholisa liyashesha ukwedlula lelo lezinto ezivamile zokusetshenziswa, futhi isikhathi sokuvula isikhunta singase sibe ngaphambili.Isikhathi seplastiki kanye nesikhathi sokupholisa sifushane, futhi isikhathi somjikelezo wokubumba sizoncishiswa;Ukucwebezela kwemikhiqizo ye-PS kungcono ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa lesikhunta.

I-PE (i-polyethylene)

1. Ukusebenza kwe-PE:

I-PE iwuhlobo lwepulasitiki olukhiqiza kakhulu phakathi kwamapulasitiki.Ibonakala ngokuthambile, okungewona ubuthi, intengo ephansi, ukucubungula okulula, ukumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali, akulula ukugqwala nokuphrinta okunzima.I-PE iyi-polymer ejwayelekile ye-crystalline.Inezinhlobo eziningi.I-LDPE (i-polyethylene e-low density) ne-HDPE (i-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu) zivame ukusetshenziswa.Zingamapulasitiki ashintshashintshayo anamandla aphansi namandla athile adonsela phansi angu-0.94g/cm3 (amancane kunamanzi);I-resin ye-LLDPE yokuminyana ephansi kakhulu (ukuminyana kungaphansi kuka-0.910g/cc, futhi ukuminyana kwe-LLDPE ne-LDPE kuphakathi kuka-0.91-0.925).I-LDPE ithambile, (evame ukwaziwa ngokuthi iglue ethambile) I-HDPE yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi iglue elithambile eliqinile.Kunzima kune-LDPE.Kuyi-semi crystalline material enezinga eliphezulu lokushwabana ngemva kokubunjwa.Inokuhanjiswa kokukhanya okungekuhle phakathi kuka-1.5% no-4%, ikristalu enkulu, futhi ijwayele ukuqhekeka ekucindezelekeni kwemvelo.Izinto ezinezici zokugeleza okuphansi zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokunciphisa ukuqhekeka.Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-60 ℃, kulula ukuncibilika kuzincibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nokuncibilika kungcono kune-LDPE.

I-crystallinity ephezulu ye-HDPE iholela ekumineni kwayo okuphezulu, amandla aqinile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokuhlanekezela izinga lokushisa, i-viscosity kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali.Inokuqina okuqinile kune-LDPE.I-PE-HD inamandla omthelela ophansi.Izakhiwo zilawulwa ikakhulukazi ukuminyana nokusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana we-HDPE kuncane kakhulu.Ngobuningi be-0.91 ~ 0.925g/cm3, sikubiza ngokuthi uhlobo lokuqala lwe-PE-HD;Ngobuningi be-0.926 ~ 0.94g/cm3, kubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwesibili lwe-HDPE;Ngokuminyana kuka-0.94 ~ 0.965g/cm3, kubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-HDPE.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinezici ezinhle zokugeleza nge-MFR phakathi kuka-0.1 no-28. Ukuphakama kwesisindo samangqamuzana, izici zokugeleza ze-LDPE ziba zimbi kakhulu, kodwa inamandla omthelela angcono.I-HDPE ithambekele ekuqhekekeni kokucindezeleka kwemvelo.

Ukuqhekeka kungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinezici zokugeleza eziphansi kakhulu ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi.I-HDPE kulula ukuyincibilika kuzincibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-60C, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nokuncibilika kungcono kune-LDPE LDPE iwuhlobo lwecrystalline impahla enokuncipha okuphezulu ngemva kokubunjwa, kusukela ku-1.5% kuya ku-4%.I-LLDPE (i-linear low density polyethylene) inokuqina okuphezulu, ukungena, umthelela kanye nokumelana nokukhala, okwenza i-LLDPE ifanele ifilimu.Ukumelana kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokucindezeleka kwemvelo, ukumelana nomthelela wokushisa okuphansi kanye nokumelana ne-warpage kwenza i-LLDPE ikhange ipayipi, i-plate extrusion kanye nazo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubumba.Ukusetshenziswa kwakamuva kwe-LLDPE kufana nefilimu yepulasitiki yolwelwesi lwezindawo zokulahla izinsalela zemfucuza kanye nethangi lamanzi kadoti.

2. Izici zenqubo ye-PE:

Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu sezingxenye ze-PE yi-shrinkage enkulu yokubumba, okulula ukushwabana nokonakala.Izinto ze-PE zinokumuncwa okuncane kwamanzi futhi azikwazi ukomiswa.Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula le-PE libanzi kakhulu futhi akulula ukubola (izinga lokushisa lokubola lingu-320 ℃).Uma ukucindezela kuphezulu, ukuminyana komkhiqizo kuphezulu futhi ukuncipha kuncane.I-PE inoketshezi olumaphakathi.Izimo zokucubungula kufanele zilawulwe ngokuqinile futhi izinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele ligcinwe lingashintshi (40-60 ℃).I-crystallinity ye-PE ihlobene nezimo zenqubo yokubumba.Inezinga lokushisa eliqinile elibandayo elibandayo.Uma izinga lokushisa lesikhunta liphansi, i-crystallinity iphansi.Enkambweni ye-crystallization, ngenxa ye-anisotropy ye-shrinkage, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kugxilile, futhi izingxenye ze-PE zijwayele ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka.Lapho umkhiqizo ufakwa emanzini ashisayo ku-80 ℃, ingcindezi ingaxegiswa ngokwezinga elithile.Phakathi nenqubo yokubumba, izinga lokushisa lempahla kanye nezinga lokushisa lesikhunta kufanele libe phezulu.Umfutho womjovo kufanele ube ngaphansi kusisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Ukupholisa kwesikhunta kuyadingeka ikakhulukazi ukuba kusheshe futhi kufane, futhi umkhiqizo uyashisa ngesikhathi sokudilizwa.

I-PP (i-polypropylene)

1. Ukusebenza kwe-PP:

I-PP iyi-polymer ecwebezelayo.Phakathi kwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu, i-PP iyona elula kakhulu, enobuningi obungu-0.91g/cm3 kuphela (ngaphansi kwamanzi).Phakathi kwamapulasitiki avamile, i-PP inokumelana nokushisa okungcono kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa layo lokuguquguquka elishisayo liyi-80-100 ℃, elingabiliswa emanzini abilayo.I-PP inokumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi nempilo yokukhathala egobayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi "iglue engu-100%.Ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-PP kungcono kunokwe-PE.Imikhiqizo ye-PP inesisindo esincane, ukuqina okuhle nokumelana okuhle kwamakhemikhali.Ukungalungi kwe-PP: ukunemba okuphansi kwe-dimensional, ukuqina okunganele, ukumelana nesimo sezulu esibi futhi kulula ukukhiqiza "ukulimala kwethusi".Ine-post shrinkage phenomenon.Ngemuva kokudilizwa, kulula ukuguga, ube brittle futhi ukhubazeke.I-PP ibilokhu iyimpahla eyinhloko yokukhiqiza imicu ngenxa yekhono layo lokufaka imibala, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye nezimo zezomnotho ezivumayo.I-PP iyi-semi crystalline material.Iqinile kune-PE futhi inephuzu lokuncibilika eliphakeme.Ngenxa yokuthi i-homopolymer PP ishwabana kakhulu uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-0 ℃, izinto eziningi ze-PP zokuhweba zingama-copolymer angajwayelekile ane-ethylene engu-1 ~ 4% noma ama-copolymer okubamba anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ethylene.Izinto ze-Copolymer PP zinezinga lokushisa eliphansi lokuhlanekezela ukushisa (100 ℃), ukukhanya okuphansi, isicwebezelisi esiphansi kanye nokuqina okuphansi, kodwa zinamandla omthelela aqinile.Amandla e-PP akhula ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-ethylene.

2. Izici zenqubo ye-PP:

I-PP ine-fluidity enhle nokusebenza kokubumba ezingeni lokushisa elincibilikayo.I-PP inezici ezimbili ekucubunguleni: okokuqala, i-viscosity ye-PP iyancibilika iyancipha kakhulu ngokunyuka kwejubane le-shear (okungathinteki kancane ukushisa);Okwesibili: izinga eliphezulu lokuma kwamangqamuzana kanye nokuncipha okukhulu.Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula le-PP liyi-220 ~ 275 ℃.Kungcono ungeqi ku-275 ℃.Inokuqina okuhle kokushisa (izinga lokushisa lokubola lingu-310 ℃), kodwa ekushiseni okuphezulu (270-300 ℃), lingehlisa izinga uma lihlala isikhathi eside emgqonyeni.Ngenxa yokuthi i-viscosity ye-PP iyancipha ngokusobala ngokunyuka kwejubane lokugunda, ukukhulisa ingcindezi yomjovo kanye nesivinini somjovo kuzothuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwayo, ukuwohloka kokuncipha nokudangala.Izinga lokushisa lesikhunta (40 ~ 80 ℃), 50 ℃ liyanconywa.I-crystallization degree inqunywa ngokuyinhloko izinga lokushisa lesikhunta, okufanele lilawulwe ebangeni lika-30-50 ℃.I-PP melt ingadlula igebe elincane kakhulu ku-die ukuze kwakhe umkhawulo obukhali.Enqubweni yokuncibilika kwe-PP, idinga ukumunca inani elikhulu lokushisa elincibilikayo (ukushisa okukhulu okuqondile), futhi umkhiqizo ushisa kakhulu ngemva kokubunjwa.I-PP ayidingi ukomiswa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi ukuncipha kanye ne-crystallinity ye-PP iphansi kune-PE.Isivinini sokujova ngokuvamile sisebenzisa ukubumba komjovo wesivinini esikhulu ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi yangaphakathi.Uma kukhona ukukhubazeka ebusweni bomkhiqizo, ukubumba komjovo wejubane eliphansi ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kufanele kusetshenziswe.

Izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene nazo zinquma izinqubo ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke ububanzi bokusebenza buhlukile.

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